In August 430 Celestine held a church council in Rome which decided that correct Christology required the use of the term Theotokos and requested Nestorius to disown his errors. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content.īoth sides appealed to Pope Celestine I, who had already been offended by Nestorius’s tactlessness. Theological and political considerations were thus combined. As bishop of Alexandria, Cyril also was eager to belittle the rival see of Constantinople, as his immediate predecessor, Theophilus, had done in the case of St. He sincerely believed that Nestorius was undermining the purity of the faith Nestorius’s refusal to style Mary as Mother of God seemed to Cyril to deny the unity of the God-man. Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, whose intervention set in motion a series of events that finally led to Nestorius’s downfall.Ĭyril’s motive was twofold. In the resulting controversy, Nestorius’s opponents found an ally in St. To many people it seemed that Nestorius himself was denying the divinity of Christ and regarding him as a mere man who had been adopted by God as his son. Nestorius considered that, unless carefully qualified, the term Theotokos as applied to Mary compromised Christ’s full humanity. Nestorius, who had already expressed doubts on the subject, supported Anastasius and on Christmas Day began a series of addresses arguing that Mary was not Theotokos. Many were scandalized, for the term had long been in use. Large beach-seining operations for sardinelike fishes.Ī crisis developed when Nestorius’s domestic chaplain, Anastasius, on November 22, 428, preached a sermon in which he objected to the title Theotokos (“God-Bearer”) as applied to Mary. Seine nets are often employed in beach seining, where fish shoals are near beaches.

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